Vydáno dne 29.07.2025
Přehled sloves s příponou -EN, která vyjadřují změnu stavu, stupně
či intenzity.
Slovesa s příponou -en vyjadřují změnu stavu, či spíše stupně nebo intenzity. Nejčastěji se tvoří z přídavného jména:
Někdy je musíme vytvořit z podstatného jména, ne z přídavného:
Z takto vytvořených sloves lze vytvářet opět zpátky přídavná jména pomocí koncovek -ed nebo -ing.
Uvedeme si tři skupiny těchto sloves, kde jsou slova rozdělená podle úrovně. V první skupině jsou ta základnější, ve druhé jsou slovesa pro středně pokročilé, v poslední potom ta nejpokročilejší. Pod každou skupinou naleznete příklady použití.
blacken/'blækən/ *1 | brighten/'braɪtn/ *2 |
broaden/'brɔ:dn/ *3 | strengthen/'streŋθn/ *4 |
darken/'dɑ:kən/ *5 | deepen/'di:pən/ *6 |
harden/'hɑ:dn/ *7 | widen/'waɪdn/ *8 |
lengthen/'leŋθən/ *9 | lighten/'laɪtn/ *10 |
shorten/'ʃɔ:tn/ *11 | whiten/'waɪtn/ *12 |
soften/'sɒfn/ *13 | thicken/'θɪkən/ *14 |
weaken/'wi:kən/ *15 | sharpen/'ʃɑ:pən/ *16 |
You could see where the fire blackened the ground. *17
His eyes brightened when we started talking about our trip. *18
You need to broaden the topic a little. Your essay is too short. *19
The sky darkened as the end of the day approached. *20
Our friendship was deepening every day and I didn't want to say anything that could jeopardize it. *21
‘I won't listen to this!’ his voice hardened. *22
These trousers are too long. I'll need to have them shortened. *23
Our mood lightened. Everything was going to be alright, it seemed. *24
I decided to shorten the trip by a few days. *25
Wait for the butter to soften in room temperature. *26
We need to strengthen our position on the market. *27
The sauce will thicken if you let it cool slightly. *28
Her illness had weakened her so she spent most of the day resting. *29
You can choose from a variety of whitening toothpastes. *30
His smile widened when he saw me. *31
This crayon needs sharpening. *32
fatten/'fætn/ *33 | flatten/'flætn/ *34 |
freshen/'freʃn/ *35 | worsen/'wɜ:sn/ *36 |
frighten/'fraɪtn/ *37 | heighten/'haɪtn/ *38 |
loosen/'lu:sn/ *39 | sadden/'sædn/ *40 |
moisten/'mɔɪsn/ *41 | quicken/'kwɪkən/ *42 |
quieten/'kwaɪətn/ *43 | sweeten/'swi:tn/ *44 |
redden/'redn/ *45 | roughen/'rʌfn/ *46 |
cheapen/'tʃi:pən/ *47 | straighten/'streɪtn/ *48 |
tighten/'taɪtn/ *49 | toughen/'tʌfn/ *50 |
My grandparents fattened a pig every year and then at Christmas we would all eat it. *51
The website shows exercises to flatten the stomach. *52
The thunderstorm freshened the air. *53
The noise frightened me! *54
The assassination heightened the tension between the two countries. *55
The atmosphere slowly loosened up and everyone started having fun. *56
She stopped to moisten her lips and then went on talking. *57
My pulse quickened. *58
The storm finally quietened down and it stopped raining. *59
There were tears in her reddened eyes. *60
Tree bark usually roughens with age. *61
He was saddened over the death of his mother. *62
You can straighten your hair with a hair straightener. *63
I bought some sweetened whipped cream. Do you want some in your coffee? *64
Please check that the bolts are tightened properly. *65
Our school should toughen up the rules on bullying. *66
I know you love your cat, but your allergies are only going to worsen if he stays. *67
awaken/ə'weɪkən/ *68 | coarsen/'kɔ:sn/ *69 |
dampen/'dæmpən/ *70 | liven up/ˌlaɪvn'ʌp/ *71 |
deaden/'dedn/ *72 | deafen/'defn/ *73 |
embolden/ɪm'bəʊldən/ *74 | ripen/'raɪpən/ *75 |
hasten/'heɪsn/ *76 | hearten/'hɑ:tn/ *77 |
christen/'krɪsn/ *78 | stiffen/'stɪfn/ *79 |
lessen/'lesn/ *80 | liken/'laɪkən/ *81 |
madden/'mædn/ *82 | neaten/'ni:tn/ *83 |
slacken/'slækən/ *84 | smarten up/ˌsmɑ:tn'ʌp/ *85 |
The dwarves in the mines of Moria dug too deep and awakened something ancient and terrible. *86
The long war coarsened the people. *87
We won't let the rain dampen our spirits. *88
They gave him some morphine to deaden the pain. *89
My heart stopped when I heard the deafening scream from downstairs. *90
The coach tried to embolden his team before the match. *91
It will take a few weeks and not much can be done to hasten the process. *92
We heard the heartening news that everyone was alright. *93
The priest refused to christen Angela's baby because she wasn't married. *94
Using contraception will lessen the risk of an unwanted pregnancy. *95
The speaker likened the situation to driving on an icy road. *96
I'm going to put up some posters in my room to liven it up a little. *97
Last night's football game was maddeningly boring. *98
He didn't bother to neaten his hair before he ran out of the door. *99
She ate all the tomatoes before they could fully ripen. *100
The wind was slackening but it kept on raining heavily. *101
I wear this jacket when I need to smarten myself up. *102
The dog's ears stiffened as he heard a key in the lock. *103
Takto však nelze vytvářet nová slova z jakéhokoliv přídavného jména. U většiny to nejde. Slova greenen, narrowen, cheerfullen či largen prostě neexistují. Potom musíme pro vyjádření změny stavu či stupně/intenzity použít jiné prostředky.
Vazba se slovesy become, get, či jinými slovesy:
The dire wolf became extinct thousands of years ago. *104
The demonstration turned violent. *105
Pozn.: Viz také články Změna stavu – slovesa BECOME, GET, GO nebo GET – změna stavu.
Přídavné jméno ve funkci slovesa:
His eyes narrowed. *106
He readied himself to face his enemy. *107
Frázové sloveso, obvykle s částicí up či down:
My friends tried to cheer me up. *108
Please slow down. You're going too fast. *109
Předpona en- u sloves:
Can you enlarge the picture a little? *110
She would never endanger the lives of her children. *111
Pozn.: Více v článku Předpony EN- a EM- pro tvoření sloves.
U některých slov se dokonce kombinují dva způsoby vyjadřování změny stavu/intenzity. Např. slovíčko oživit, zpestřit, je enliven/ɪn'laɪvn/ (kombinace předpony en- a přípony -en), nebo liven up/ˌlaɪvn'ʌp/ (kombinace přípony -en a frázové částice up).
Více se o anglických příponách dočtete v článku Suffixes – přípony (třetí část).
Pozor na výslovnost!
Na závěr ještě upozorníme na jednu záludnost. U sloves, která končí na -sten nebo -ften, se nevyslovuje T.
Pozn.: Více slovíček najdete v článku Silent T (nevyslovované písmeno T).